Mengenal Budidaya Tanaman Pangan

Sumber : http://benyaminlakitan.com/2014/04/01/indonesia-88-pertanian-tanaman-pangan-di-pulau-sumba/

   
   Indonesia adalah negara agraris, yaitu negara yang sebagian besar penduduknya mempunyai mata pencaharian dibidang pertanian contohnya budidaya tanaman pangan, yaitu komoditas pertanian yang sangat penting bagi bangsa Indonesia.

Kelompok tanaman yang termasuk komoditas pangan adalah :    
-      Tanaman Pangan
-      Tanaman Hortikultura non-tanaman hias
-      Tanaman lain penghasil bahan baku produk pangan

Kali ini akan dibahas komoditas pangan yang pertama, yaitu Tanaman Pangan.

  Tanaman Pangan menyebar secara merata, namun terdapat beberapa daerah yang menjadi sentra dari jenis tanaman pangan tertentu. Hal ini diakibatkan oleh kebiasaam masyarakat dalam mengembangkan tanaman pangan tertentu sesuai dengan kondisi lahan. Contohnya :

-  Provinsi Sumatera Utara, Sulawesi Selatan, Jawa Barat, dan Jawa Tengah sebagai sentra produksi beras.
-  Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, DI. Yogyakarta, dan Jawa Timur sebagai sentra produksi kedelai

  Pengelompokan Tanaman Pangan ada 2 cara, yaitu menurut umur dan menurut jenis tanamnnya. Berikut akan dibahas tentang pengelompokannya.

Pengelompokan Tanaman menurut umur :

-       Tanaman Semusim

  Tanaman Semusim adalah tanaman yang dipanen dalam satu musim tanam, yaitu antara 3-4 bulan, seperti jagung dan kedelai atau antara 6-8 bulan seperti singkong.

-       Tanaman Tahunan

   

  Tanaman Tahunan adalah tanaman yang terus tubuh setelah bereproduksi atau menyelesaikan siklus hidupnya dalam jangka waktu lebih dari dua tahun, misalnya sukun dan sagu.

Pembagian Tanaman Pangan menurut jenisnya :

-       Tanaman Serealia (Biji sebagai produk hasil budidaya)

-         Padi

-         Jagung

-         Sorgum

-       Tanaman Kacang-kacangan (Biji sebagai produk hasil budidaya)

-         Kedelai

-         Kacang tanah

-         Kacang hijau

-       Tanaman Umbi-umbian (Umbi batang atau Umbi akar sebagai produk hasil budidaya)

-         Singkong

-         Ubi jalar

-         Talas

Manfaat Tanaman Pangan : 
-     Sumber utama karbohidrat dan protein untuk memenuhi kebutuhan manusia
-     Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pangan sendiri
-     Untuk diperdagangkan sebagai mata pencaharian

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Padi (Oryza sativa)

Sumber : http://mmrmekarsupergrow.blogspot.com/2012/06/tanaman-padi-di-kampung-pintasan-kota.html
Tanaman Padi

-       Batang yang berbuku dan berongga

-       Daun dan anakan tumbuh dari buku pada batang

-       Bunga/malai muncul dari buku yang terakhir

-       Bulir padi pada malai dari anakan

-       Memiliki akar serabut (monokotil)

-       Budidaya padi : Padi sawah, Padi gogo, & Padi rawa

-       Diperbanyak dengan biji

Jagung (Zea mays L.)

Sumber : http://abdulmalikssimsc.blogspot.com/2014/04/pengaruh-nacl-terhadap-pertumbuhan.html
Tanaman Jagung

-       Batang tunggal yang berbuku dan beruas

-       Daun terdapat pada buku pada batang

-       Bunga jantan dan betina terpisah dalam pohon yang sama

-       Bunga jantan pada ujung batang

-       Bunga betina (Tongkol) pada bagian tengah batang jagung

-       Dapat ditanam di lahan kering maupun lahan sawah

-       Diperbanyak dengan biji

Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L.)

Sumber : http://www.mississippi-crops.com/2014/04/29/seeding-rates-and-other-grain-sorghum-planting-tips/
Tanaman Sorghum

-       Mirip dengan jagung

-       Batang yang berbuku

-       Dapat memiliki anakan

-       Bunga tersusun dalam malai di ujung batang

-       Dapat ditanam di lahan subur maupun kurang subur akibat daya adaptasi yang kuat

Kedelai (Glycine max L.)

Sumber : http://ragambudidaya.blogspot.com/2013/02/budidaya-tanaman-kedelai.html
Tanaman Kedelai

-       Tanaman semusim

-       Tinggi 40-90cm

-       Memiliki daun tunggal dan daun bertiga (trifoliate)

-       Daun polong kedelai memiliki bulu

-       Umur tanaman 72-90 hari

-       Kulit polong yang sudah masak berwarna cokelat

-       Diperbanyak dengan biji

-       Dikelompokan menurut warna biji, yaitu : kedelai kuning, kedelai hijau kekuningan, kedelai cokelat, dan kedelai hitam.

-       Endosperm kedelai umumnya berwarna kuning

-       Dapat ditanam di lahan kering atau di lahan sawah sesudah panen padi

Kacang Tanah (Arachis hipogeae L.)

Sumber : https://agroklinik.wordpress.com/gallery/kacang-tanah-2/tanam-kacang-tanah/
Tanaman Kacang Tanah

-       Dapat ditanam di lahan kering atau di lahan sawah sesudah panen padi

-       Diperbanyak dengan biji

-       Memiliki batang yang bercabang

-       Tinggi tanaman 38-68cm

-       Tumbuh memanjang diatas permukaan tanah

-       Polong tumbuh dari ginofor didalam tanah

-       Panen pada umur 90-95 hari setelah tanam

Kacang Hijau (Vigna radiata L.)

Sumber : http://dinpertan.grobogan.go.id/komoditas-16-cara-budidaya-tananman-kacang-hijau.html
Tanaman Kacang Hijau

-       Tanaman semusim

-       Umur panen 55-65 hari setelah tanam

-       Tinggi tanaman 53-80cm

-       Batang bercabang

-       Daun dan polong berbulu

-       Diperbanyak dengan biji

-       Dapat ditanam di lahan kering maupun lahan sawah sesudah panen padi

Singkong (Manihot utilissima)

Sumber : https://kecamatankembang.wordpress.com/2012/08/29/reportase-potensi-unggulan-desa-balong/
Tanaman Singkong

-       Tanaman berkayu yang dipanen umbinya

-       Daunnya dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sayuran

-       Menghasilkan biji tetapi bukan untuk memperbanyak

-       Biasa diperbanyak dengan setek batang

-       Umur tanaman singkong sekitar 8-10 bulan

-       Mempunyai daya adaptas yang luas, umumnya ditanam di lahan kering

Ubi Jalar (Ipomoea batatas L.)

Sumber : http://bapeluh.blogspot.com/2011/08/teknologi-produksi-ubi-jalar.html
Tanaman Ubi Jalar

-       Memiliki batang panjang menjalar

-       Tumbuh berupa semak, semak menjalar, atau menjalar

-       Diperbanyak dengan bagian ubi, pucuk batang, dan setek batang

-       Umur tanaman sekitar 4-4.5 bulan

-       Ditanam pada gundulan tanah di lahan tegalan atau lahan sawah

-       Warna kulit umbi maupun warna daging bervariasi, mulai dari putih, krem, orange, maupun ungu

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Tugas TIK  (2015/02/25)

Nama : Emira Bunga Ramadhan (15)

Kelas : X MIA E

Intro

Uh... Hi?

Hey! I'm Emira! But you can call me Mir/Mireu/Mirki (preferably Mirki) ^^.

A reason why i started blogging? Not much, simply because i'm bored.

And also, because i want to share, some daily life of mine! But I do have my own web! It’s swagsterlionel.deviantart.com. But since its a deviantArt, i cant share much about myself, so this is the page that i'll be able to share some more personal side of mine.

Aside from my school life, talking more about me, I’m a 5’3/5’4 – 96 pounds girl. Yes I’m really skinny now because of fasting month I guess? And I haven’t been eating properly this week I guess.

My hobbies are everything related to art and music. I’m a big kpop fan, Block B, VIXX, ToppDogg, Bangtan Boys(BTS), GLAM, Mamamoo, f(x) and more stan. I don’t watch much anime but I do love Attack On Titan and Corpse party. My biases are Hojoon (ToppDogg), Leo (VIXX), Zico & Taeil (Block B), J-Hope (BTS), Zinni (GLAM), Moonbyul (Mamamoo), and lots more I cant list all of them~ I love drawing and painting. And also, I love dancing. I used to do ballet until 5^th grade. But now I do more to hiphop and contemporary dance. Well mostly contemporary. I also play piano/keyboard.

Going back, I was born in Jakarta, 29 January 2000. Im a chubby girl with such long hair! Idk but I think it’s butt-length hair. It was extremely long lol. I went to kindergarten when I was 2y.o, then I went to elementary school in 2005. Back then I’m the youngest in my class, even the second youngest in my entire ‘same line’ friends. Both of my elementary school and kindergarten are Adik Irma! Yep I’m from the line 30AIR ^^ But then, in 5^th/6^th grade I forgot, my dad asked me to chop off some of my hair. You don’t know how much I teared up because I had to cut my butt-length hair to shoulder length hair. It was terrible lol my mom was extremely mad at me. But going to the good side, 6^th grade went well! I got good grades in national exam ^^.

Then I went to 115jhs. Since there’s a lot of my elementary school friends went there too, I have no difficulties of making friends! Yeah I used to be that girl who had no hard time making friends. In 7^th grade, I met a lot of my best buddies until now! I do love them to death. They’re such a bunch of crazy people like me! At first I want to be a popular kid. I do pass that stage of life, because in elementary school, my class was a bit more popular than the other class so I’ve always been like ‘that’ kind of kid. No, not as bitchy as you guys think tho. Just a ‘bitchier’ side of mine. But then again, my friends changed my mind, I don’t even want to be popular. I just want to be me, then, I decided to cut off my hair, into bob length. OH GOD IT WAS AWFUL IM NOT JOKING. Then I went to Karsiyaka, Izmir, Turkey in April2012! It was the best experience I’ve ever felt! I went there to become Indonesia’s representation for Karsiyaka Children Festival! We did traditional dance /it was awful/ but then it’s a good experience for me! Then in May2012, I cut my hair, short, like my hair now ^^.

8^th grade was different. I’m only close with one of my best buddy now. We had a hard time because of such bullying. It was a hard time for me. It was my depression stage of life, I had even a thought about suicide. Family problems are not helping. Lets just say, 8^th grade is the drama stage of my life, where it ended with more friends!

9^th grade, was surprising. I had a hard time at first because I only know my 8^th grade friends. I thought it was going to be terrible because most of my classmates are popular kids.

BUT DAMN I WAS WRONG

Three days after the first day I went to 9D, theres this girl, who sat next to me, because I sat alone at the first few days. She’s pretty, she’s pale as *peep*, she’s cute and stuff. I thought she would be that kind of popular girl. When our homeroom teacher called her name, I know her name before, but I didn’t know which one.

And yes she’s one of my best friend until now.

Both of us likes kpop, and we share lots of the same interest too! That’s the reason why we’re so close until now. She’s a nice girl. And very pretty too. And yes she’s like freaking pale next to me. My skin looks 20% darker next to her ;_:

Nadiah and Me~!

First few months is going really well. I knew about everyone instantly. I even get close to some of the guys! They’re literally the best.

And then, one of my old friend, sat in the back of the class, with another girl. I decided to sit there with them.

MAN THEY’RE SURELY CRAZY AS HELL.

Both of them are otakus. But then they fluently speak English, the reason why I first get close to them. And yes both of them are perverted.

Ps : Amara, Ririe, if you’re reading this, I HAVE NO REGRETS BRUH.

Yeah mostly we talk about our guy classmate’s ass. Some have good ‘ass’ets and some not. Then we’re close until now! We’re even doing brohomo OTP week this week starting from this Friday. No im not gonna tell you what we’re talking about.

Me, Amara, and Ririe. My homies <3

Shortly, national exam came, and the result was… bad. Very bad.

My score was considered as low to my friends. Sighs lets not talk about this.

Then my class arranged a dinner farewell party. I. had. So. Much. Fun. You. Don’t. understand. I cant describe more because it’ll be goddamn long. But i had tons of fun and i just cant describe how amazing it is lol.

And now, im a student at SMAN 3. Going to school again in Wednesday, after Eid Mubarak holiday.

I know this blogpost is long as hell, but again, this is only the intro of me!

Thank you for reading~ have a nice day!

-Mirki